Optical sights are divided into white light and night vision sights. White light sights are generally divided into three categories:
The first category, Kepler-style white light scope, is our most common optical sight. Basically all military police hunters use this kind of product for shooting sports. The product has a simple structure and a very popular rate. high. This is a relatively common sight at present. There is also lighting above the eyepiece tube, which is mainly used for the lighting of the reticle, which is good for shooting at night.
The second category, Galileo-style white light sight, this one is often used for anti-aircraft machine guns. Different from the ground sight. So I won’t talk about it in this article.
The third type is light-point reflective aiming, which is commonly called red-spot type in Chinese. This type of product is divided into two types, one is open window type, which has simple structure and low cost, but it is easily damaged by external force. The second type is to place the red dot in a lens barrel. This structure is reliable and not easily damaged. Many military models use the inner red type.
Optical principle of sight
According to the working mode, there are two types of optical sights. One is pure optical sights, which are only a combination of optical glass and mechanical parts. This type of sights are mainly white light type, and the other is photoelectric type. The photoelectric type also has two branches, one is the early night vision sight formed by combining with night vision equipment, and the other is the full-function sight using the additional laser ranging, display and ballistic software fire control system. In the past, this type of sight was used for large weapons such as artillery and tanks. Now with the development of IC design and manufacturing, the volume of fire control accessories has also been reduced to a fraction or ten of the previous. This type of sight is also available for firearms.
The Kepler type sight is actually a single tube telescope. This telescope consists of two convex lenses. The imaging focal points of the two lenses coincide with each other. A reticle is placed in the middle of the focal points of the two convex lenses. In this way, people When seeing a distant target through the telescope, the reticle in the middle of the imaging focus can just be pressed on the target, playing a targeting role.
Optical sights are generally based on Kepler-style optical principles. Mirror A in the picture is a schematic diagram of a simple Kepler optical sight. Two concave lenses interact with each other. When the focal points of the two lenses coincide with each other, a magnified image of a distant object appears in the human eye. Generally speaking, the imaging magnification is divided by the angle between the focal length of the objective lens and the focal length of the eyepiece. For example, in Figure A, the angle of the eyepiece is four times that of the objective lens, so the magnification of the telescope is four times.
Generally speaking, place a cross-reticle in the telescope, and place the position of the reticle at the coincidence of the focal point of the objective lens and the eyepiece. At this time, the image of the object and the imaging of the cross-reticle will appear in the human eye at the same time. .
This is the principle of sight. Military rifles, machine guns and most scopes all follow this principle.
The function of the mirror group is to turn the distant image into an upright position. Because of Kepler’s mirror, the image is a standard upside-down and upside-down image. Without the revolving mirror, the scope of work would become impossible.
The function of the diopter adjustment mechanism is: people’s eyes have different vision, and different living environments lead to structural changes in the inside of people’s eyeballs. People often have presbyopia, myopia and other problems. At this time, the function of the diopter lens is to adjust the imaging beam of the optical sight, and make minor changes and corrections to the beam, so that it can be in the eyeball to suit everyone. Small differences in the different structures of the eyes.
After the previous explanation, we know what the internal structure of the scope looks like.
Now we use the simplest words to describe the working process of the scope:
If there is a deer in front of our scope, the objective lens of the scope will use the principle of lens imaging to converge the deer on the reticle. At this time, the imaging focus of the eyepiece is also accurately coincident with the reticle.
When the focus of the eyepiece, the imaging point of the objective lens, and the reticle are precisely converged on a plane, precise aiming is formed.
This is how the optical sight works. All military scopes and civilian scopes in the world work by this principle. Of course, in the actual scope, there is a rotating mirror group inside, which is used to convert the image of an object from an inverted image to a normal image.
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